World Health Directory

Navigating Global
Healthcare Systems

Are you an Expat, Digital Nomad, or Resident? Understanding how to access healthcare abroad is crucial. We simplify complex government schemes, mandatory insurance rules, and public vs. private options across 20+ countries.

Why Understanding Healthcare Models Matters

Healthcare is not universal. Moving across borders means changing rules.

The biggest mistake many expats and long-term travelers make is assuming healthcare works the same way it does back home. In the UK, you walk into a hospital for free (NHS). In the USA, that same visit could bankrupt you without insurance. In Dubai (UAE), your visa is tied to mandatory health insurance.

This directory is designed to break down these complex systems into simple, actionable guides. We explain who is eligible for public funds, when private insurance is mandatory, and how to avoid massive unexpected bills.

Did You Know?

  • In Singapore, even citizens pay for healthcare, but use a forced savings account (MediSave).
  • In the Netherlands, private insurance is mandatory and costs ~โ‚ฌ140/month, even for students.
  • In Thailand, expats working legally get free healthcare (Social Security), but retirees do not.

Browse Health Guides by Country

Select a country to understand its specific healthcare rules and access hospital lists.

20+ Active Guides
๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ณ Largest Scheme

India

Ayushman Bharat (PMJAY) & State Schemes

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๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ Insurance Based

United States

Medicare (65+) & Medicaid (Low Income)

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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Universal Free

United Kingdom

NHS (National Health Service)

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๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ช Mandatory For Visa

UAE (Dubai/Abu Dhabi)

DHA (Dubai) / Thiqa & Daman

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๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฆ

Canada

Medicare (Publicly Funded)

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๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Linked to Iqama

Saudi Arabia

CHI (Council of Health Insurance) & Sehhaty

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๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Dual System

Germany

GKV (Public) vs PKV (Private)

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๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฌ Savings Based

Singapore

MediSave & MediShield Life (The 3Ms)

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๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡บ

Australia

Medicare (Hybrid System)

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๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท

France

Assurance Maladie (Reimbursement)

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๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต

Japan

Kai Hoken (Universal Social Insurance)

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๐Ÿ‡ง๐Ÿ‡ท

Brazil

SUS (Sistema รšnico de Saรบde) - Free Public

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๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น

Italy

SSN (Servizio Sanitario Nazionale)

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๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ

Spain

SNS (Sistema Nacional de Salud)

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๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ท

Turkey

SGK (Genel SaฤŸlฤฑk Sigortasฤฑ)

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๐Ÿ‡ฟ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Transitioning

South Africa

NHI (National Health Insurance) & Medical Aid

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๐Ÿ‡น๐Ÿ‡ญ Medical Tourism

Thailand

Universal Coverage (Gold Card)

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๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Mandatory Private

Netherlands

Zorgverzekering (Basic Insurance)

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๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ช Means Tested

Ireland

HSE Medical Card & GP Visit Card

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Key Terms You Must Know

Navigating foreign healthcare requires learning a new vocabulary. Here are the most critical terms explained:

Universal Healthcare

A system where all residents get access to medical care, usually funded by taxes. It is often "free at the point of use".
Examples: UK (NHS), Canada (Medicare), Brazil (SUS).

Mandatory Insurance

The government forces every resident to buy a health insurance policy from private or non-profit companies. You cannot live there legally without it.
Examples: Germany, Netherlands, UAE (Dubai).

Deductible / Excess

The amount of money you must pay out-of-pocket before your insurance starts paying. A high deductible usually means a lower monthly premium.
Common in: USA, Netherlands (Eigen Risico).

Co-payment (Co-pay)

A small, fixed amount you pay each time you visit a doctor or buy medicine, even if you have insurance.
Common in: France, Japan, Singapore.

Means-Tested System

Whether you get free care depends on your income. If you earn below a certain threshold, it's free. If you earn more, you pay.
Examples: Ireland (Medical Card), USA (Medicaid).

Public vs. Private

Public: Government-run hospitals. Cheaper/free, but often have long wait times.
Private: For-profit hospitals. Expensive, luxury facilities, fast access to specialists. Requires private insurance or cash.

At a Glance: System Comparison

A quick overview of how major economies approach healthcare financing and access for foreigners.

Country Primary Model Cost at Point of Use (Public) Rule for Expats/Foreigners
๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง UK Universal (Tax Funded) Totally Free Must pay "Health Surcharge" (IHS) with visa application to access NHS.
๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ธ USA Market-Based Insurance Very High Must purchase comprehensive private health insurance. Extremely risky without it.
๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Canada Universal ("Medicare") Free Eligible after a waiting period (usually 3 months) of residency. Need private insurance until then.
๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Germany Mandatory Insurance (Dual) Paid via Premium Legally required to join a sickness fund (GKV) or get private insurance upon arrival.
๐Ÿ‡ฆ๐Ÿ‡ช UAE Mandatory Employer Insurance Small Co-pay Health insurance is linked to your residency visa. Usually provided by the employer.
๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ฌ Singapore Forced Savings (MediSave) Subsidized + Co-pay Not eligible for subsidies. Employer must provide basic insurance, but many expats buy top-up private plans.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need travel insurance if the country has free healthcare? โ–ผ

Yes, absolutely. "Free" healthcare is almost always for citizens and permanent residents only. As a tourist, you are usually charged full private rates, even in public hospitals. Travel insurance is essential to cover these costs and medical repatriation.

Which is the best healthcare system in the world? โ–ผ

There is no single "best." The UK's NHS is praised for being free and equitable but struggles with wait times. Singapore is highly efficient but requires personal contribution. France and Japan often rank highest for overall quality and access, offering a balance of public funding and low co-payments.

What happens if I move to a country with mandatory insurance but don't buy it? โ–ผ

In countries like Germany, the Netherlands, or the UAE, this is illegal. Consequences range from heavy fines and back-payments of premiums to the inability to renew your residency visa or even deportation.

Are dental and optical services usually covered? โ–ผ

Generally, no. Most basic public health schemes (like the NHS or Dutch basic insurance) only cover emergency dental work or care for children. Routine dental and optical check-ups for adults usually require separate private insurance or paying out-of-pocket.